Forensic Microscope
Welcome to Forensic MicroscopeCollagen--Chitosan Nerve Guides for Peripheral Nerve Repair: A Histomorphometric Study
Collagen--Chitosan Nerve Guides for Peripheral Nerve Repair: A Histomorphometric Study
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Currently a wide variety of polymer materials are being applied to fabricate nerve guide tubes to repair injured peripheral nerves. In this study we have examined whether collagen—chitosan nerve guides promotes nerve repair compared to chitosan nerve guides using histological analysis. Results indicates that the enclosed structure of the nerve guide both promotes and supports axonal sprouting. Collagen—chitosan guides improved axonal maturation measured by a significant increase in axon diameter and axon area. These findings indicate that the collagen—chitosan nerve guides can be applied to repair severed peripheral nerve ends.
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In building and environmental aerodynamics, wind tunnel studies of natural vegetative structures like bushes or trees have to be modelled. From a fluid mechanical point of view, these structures differ essentially from man-made constructions because of their structural flexibility and permeability. Whereas the small-scale modelling of technical structures is widely known, a lack of knowledge exists in an adequate modelling of vegetative structures. In this article, aerodynamic characteristics of inflexible model trees with crowns of varying porosity are presented. Drag force and flow field measurements were performed in a uniform or boundary layer flow, respectively. The force measurements delivered drag coefficients in the range of 0.8–1.2. This is in good accordance with natural trees for low wind velocities (<10 m s–1). Flow field measurements show typical wake characteristics of permeable structures with recirculation zones being extended or even detached when compared with impermeable bodies. By means of spectral analysis, an energy shift from lower to higher frequencies, i.e. a breakdown of larger eddy structures into smaller eddies, in the crown wake region was found. |
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Thioridazine has been shown to reverse oxacillin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate whether thioridazine alone or in combination with oxacillin affects the transcription of the methicillin resistance gene mecA and the protein level of the encoded protein PBP2a. Viability of MRSA was determined in liquid media in the presence of oxacillin or thioridazine alone or in combination. Transcription of mecA was analysed by primer extension, and the protein level of PBP2a was analysed by western blotting in the presence of thioridazine and oxacillin. We observed an increased susceptibility of MRSA towards oxacillin in the presence of thioridazine compared with bacteria grown with oxacillin or thioridazine alone. Transcription of mecA was reduced with increasing concentrations of thioridazine in the presence of a fixed amount of oxacillin. Furthermore, the protein level of PBP2a was reduced when bacteria were treated with the combination of oxacillin and thioridazine. The two drugs also affected the mRNA level of the β-lactamase gene, blaZ. The present study indicates that reversal of methicillin resistance by thioridazine in MRSA may be explained by a reduced transcription of mecA and blaZ, resulting in a reduced protein level of PBP2a. |
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